I still have C21, C22, C28, C29, C30, C31, C23.
If you're using the AD797s, the only parts you
should not install are C8 and C9.
When I test voltages at U1, I get +14 and -2 (should be -14)
You have some other problem that doesn't have anything to do with missing capacitors. You've most likely installed a component incorrectly, have connected the power supply incorrectly, or are making the measurement incorrectly.
When I test voltages at the pins where the AD797 goes I don't get anything.
Not possible unless the circuit board is hopelessly damaged, which is very unlikely. Keep in mind that the voltages at U1 and U2 do not appear at the same pins on U8 and U9, as you can see on the schematic.